Enameled metal wall construction



March 9, 1937. w. HOGENSON ENAMELED METAL WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug.50, 1934 wm/m/ //0 @7780.

Patented Mar. 9, 1937 PATENT OFFICE 2,072,882 ENAMELED METAL WALLCONSTRUCTION William Hogenson, Hinsdale, Ill., assignor to ChicagoVitreous Enamel Product 00., Cicero, 111., a corporation of IllinoisApplication August 30,

15 Claims.

This invention relates to enameled metal wall construction of a typeparticularly suited for use in the erection or remodeling of buildings,homes, filling stations and the like.

I In constructing external or internal walls of porcelain enameledmetal, a number of problems are always present. It is, of course,essential to devise a method whereby the enameled metal plates orsections can be securely held in place 10. Without danger of becomingloose due to expansion or contraction or buckling of the plates. It isalso necessary that the joints between the porcelain enameled metalplates or sections be water tight to prevent the seepage of water or 15moisture inwardly. There is also the problem of so insulating the enamelmetal wall structure as to make it pofsible to keep the interior of thebuilding comfortable notwithstanding extremes of atmospheric conditions.This includes provid-p 20 ing means for preventing .the collection oimoisture on the inside of the enameled metalplates or sections underconditions that wouldkcause' sweating of the metal. As a finalconsideration, the joints between the enameled metal sections 25 must beso concealed or ornamented as to create a pleasing appearance to thewallor building.

Numerous types of constructions have been devised looking toward asolution of these various problems. The present invention has for itsobject to provide a wall construction of a relatively simple andinexpensive type that is peculiarly adapted for use in the erection ofnew buildings or the remodeling of existing frame houses and similarstructures.

It is a further object of this invention to provide an enameled metalwall construction wherein the enameled metal panels are individuallymounted on rigid insulation board and are secured in position in thewall structure in spaced relation from each other to compensate forexpansion and contraction of the panels and to permit easy replacementof the panels from the outside of the wall without disturbing any otherpanel or part of the supporting structure.

It is a further important object of this invention to provide anenameled metal wall construction that does not require highly skilledlabor in its erection and wherein inexpensive and ordinary buildingmaterials may be used rather than the more or less special types ofkeying devices and the like that have heretofore been proposed.

It is a further important object of this invention to provide aconstruction that will insure water tight joints between the enameledmetal 1934, Serial No. 742,029 (Cl. 189-85) plates or sections and theunderlying-structural elements of the wall construction.

It is a further important object of this inventionto provide a type ofenameled metal wall construction that may be erected dry, that is,without the use of aqueous cement, plasters, and the like for filling injoints.

It is a further important object of this invention to provide apermanent, water tight and heat insulated wall construction usingporcelain enameled metal as the external or internal surface material.

Other and further important objects of this invention will becomeapparent from the following description, the drawing and appendedclaims.

On the drawing:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary elevational view of a portion of enameledmetal wall construction embodying the principles of my invention, withparts broken away and in section.

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially on the lineII-II of Fig. 1.

Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view showing a modified type of jointconstruction.

Figure 4 is a sectional view showing a further modification of myinvention.

Figure 5 is a broken elevational view of the metaltrim shown in Fig. 4.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary enlarged bottom plan view of 'the metal trimshown in Figs. 4 and 5.

As shown on the drawing:

The reference numeral ill indicates a wall which may represent newconstruction or a portion of an existing frame structure that is m beremodeled to provide an external surface of porcelain enameled metal.Said Wall structure it; includes vertically extending studding H andhorizontally extending stringers l2 joined together in the usual way. Abaseboard it, floorboard or the like, extends around the ham of the wallstructure.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, each of the props or studs ii is providedwith a narrower strip of .wood, or furring strip l3, that extendslongitudinally of the prop or stud and is initially secured thereto bymeans of nails or the like, with an underlying layer 14 of a masticcement or adhesive. As shown, the furring strips l3 are about a third ora quarter of the width of the studs H and are secured to the broader,outward faces of said studs H centrally of such faces. Instead ofseparately nailing furring strips to the studding,

--a specially formed studing or stringer may be made with an integralstrip on one or both faces, as indicated at 50 (Fig. 1).

'Wall boards E of suitable, rigid'insulation material, are positionedagainst the exterior faces of the studs Ii with their ends in abuttingrelation to the strips l3 and with a layer of plastic cement or adhesivebetween the adjacent surfaces, as at E6 and H. The boards l5 arepreferably of such thickness that their externalsurfaces are flush withthe external faces of the strips I 3. It will be understood that thethicknesses of the adhesive layers l4, I6 and I! are somewhatexaggerated in the drawing for purposes. of illustration and that inreality these layers are relatively thinner than indicated.

Plates or sections i8 of porcelain enameled metal are secured to thepanels of insulation board 55 by means of a layer IQ of suitable cement.Preferably the plates l8 and insulation board l5 are pre-fabricated,ahead of the actual erection job, so that each enameled metal plate l8has a panelof wall board as a backing. The assembled panels are handledas units and properly positioned with respect to the studding andstringers; In each assembled panel, the marginal portions. 20 of theenameled metal plates overhang, or extend beyond the backing ofinsulation board so as to'overlie the furring strips l3 when the panelis positioned in place.

Said enameled metal sections l8 may be of any convenient size, say, from2 to 8 feet-in length and from 6 to 24 inches in width. The panels arearranged in horizontal rows with the vertically extending jointspreferably staggered.

' In securing the panels in place, with the adjacent outer edges 20overlapping the exterior facesof the strips l3, each plate I8 isslightly spaced from the adjacent plates to allow for expansion andcontraction and also to permit fastening of the trim in place, as willpresently be described. The joints between said edges 20 and the face ofsaid strips l3 are caulked, as at 2|.

'I'heporcelain enameled plates [8 are provided with holes'along theiredges 20 to permit nails 22 to be driven. therethrough into the stripsI3, thereby securing said plates iii in place. The nails 22 areordinarily of such length that they do not extend into the props orstuds II, but longer nails may be used if desired.

Metal strips 23, which may suitably be of stainless steel, chromiumplated steel or the like, serve as trim for concealing the heads of thenails 22' and the joints between the adjacent enameled metal plates l8.Said metal strips 23 are provided with apertures at spaced intervals: toper-' mit them to be secured in place, as by means of screws 24, thatare threaded through the wooden strips I 3 into the props or studs ll.Each of the strips 23 is provided with edge flanges 25 that are adaptedto abut'against the surfaces of the adjacent enameled metal plates I8 toprovide a comparatively tight joint. The resiliency of the metal strips23 aids in insuring tight joints be-' tween the strips and the adjoiningenameled metal plates l8. I

It will be understood that similar joints are provided between theinsulation boards, the porcelain enameled metal plates, and the horizontal stringers l2. In each case, a continuous layer of plastic cement,adhesive or the like, is preferably applied between all of the adjoiningor abutting surfaces of the'members making up the joint, so that thejoint will be entirely water.- proof. Suitable types of plastic cementsor adhesives are available for this purpose. They are preferably of anoil or asphalt type rather than of a water type, so as to avoid thenecessity of being dried-out.

The joint structure illustrated in Fig. 3 comprises a pair of channelshaped structural elements 3!) and 3| arranged with their web portionsin back to back relationship. The channel members 30 and 3| may be ofmetal, preferably rolled steel, and'serve as structural elements of thebuilding in place of the wooden studding and stringers previouslydescribed. In building up of joints about the channel members 30 and 3|these members are first provided with wooden filler strips 32 and 33,suitably secured in place. The remaining joint structure issubstantially as ,above described. Wooden strips I 3a are cemented orotherwise secured along the broad faces of the filler strips 32, orformed integral therewith,

, and insulation board I50. faced with porcelain enameled metal sections|8a are secured in place by means of nails 22a, trimming strips 23a andscrews 24a.

In the construction illustrated in Fig. 3, both the internal andexternal wall surfaces may be built up and joined to the channel members30 and 3| in the same way. The space 5| between the insulation boardsmay be filled with loose or blanket insulation material, if desired.

In Figs. 4 to 6 inclusive, there is shown a similar type of .jointconstruction but with a different form of trim. Strips 35 of trimmingmaterial are formed by folding flat strips of-metal to provide acontinuous, fiat outer surface 36 and an inner slotted surface made upof the opposing flanges 31 and 38. Said flanges 3'! and are spaced apartfor portions of their length to provide slots 39 for receiving theshanks of the nails 40 and for other portions of their length are,provided with enlarged slots 4| capable of permitting the passagetherethrough of the heads of said nails 40.

In the construction shown in Figs. 4 to 6 inclusive, nails similar tothe nails 22 may be used or not, but it is suflicient to use nails 40and the trimming strips 35 for securing the enameled -provide for theinsertion of the nails 40. Said nails 40 are then driven part way intothe strips I32) and the trimming strips 35 inserted over the heads ofsaid nails 40 and moved along until said nail heads 40 are enclosedwithin said strips with the shanks of the nails extending through thenarrower slot portions 39. .With the trimming strips in this position,the nails 40 are pounded in the rest of, the way, using a wooden stripor other protecting means to prevent marring the trimming strips35.Instead of driving the nails 40 in on the job, the nails may bepartially driven ahead of time, by machinery or otherwise, into specialstudding and stringers having the furring: strip integrally formedtherewith as indicated at studding and stringers may be' adapted to use.by the simple expediency of securing narrower wooden strips, such as thefurring strips l3, to their exterior faces. Another advantage of my typeof construction is that it eliminates the necessity of using hydraulicsetting materials, such as mortar, plaster or the like.' All of thejoints are pointed or caulked with an elastic or mastic cement that doesnot introduce water into the joint.

An important feature of my construction is that the enameled metalplates or panels are separately and independently mounted, so thatsuccessive panels do not have to sustain the weight of each other or ofother panels. Each panel sustains only its own weight and is separatelysecured in place and may be readily replaced if necessary. Furthermore,since successive panels do not contact each other, there is nolikelihood of the panels buckling or springing from expansion orcontraction.

9 I am aware that many changes may be made and numerous details ofconstruction may be varied through a wide range without departing fromthe principles of this invention, and I, therefore, do not purposelimiting the patent granted 35 hereon otherwise than necessitated by theprior art.

I claim as my invention:

l. A wall structure comprising structural members, wooden stripspositoned thereagainst, insulation board positioned against said membersand abutting said strips, metal sections overlying said insulation boardwith their edges extending along said strips, trim concealing said edgesand means securing said trim .to said strips.

2. A wall structure comprising structural members, wooden stripspositioned thereagainst, insulation board positioned against saidmembers and abutting said strips, porcelain enameled metal sectionsoverlying said insulation board with their edges extending along saidstrips, trim concealing said edges and means securing said trim to saidstrips, a waterproof adhesive layer sealing the joints between saidsections and said strips, be-

tween said insulation board and said strips and between said insulationboard and said structural 5- members.

3. A wall structure comprising structural members, wooden stripspositioned thereagainst, insulation board positioned against saidmembers and abutting said strips, porcelain enameled metal sectionsoverlying said insulation board with their edges extending along saidstrips, means securingsaid metal sections to said strips, trimconcealingding, furring strips extending along said studding, insulationboard adhesively secured to said studding and to said strips in abuttingrelation to said strips, enameled metal sections adhesively secured tosaid insulation board with the edges of said sections extending alongsaid strips and trim overlying said edges.

6. A wall structure comprising wooden studding, furring strips on saidstudding, insulation board adhesively secured to said studding and tosaid strips in abutting relation to said strips,

enameled metal sections adhesively secured to said insulation board withthe edges of said sections extending along said strips, trim overlyingsaid edges and means extending through said I trim into said strips tosecure said trim and sections in place.

'7. A wall structure comprising structural members, strips securedthereto, insulation board secured to said structural members and to saidstrips with the outer surfaces of said insulation board and ofsaidstrips flush with each other, enameled metal sections adhesivelysecured to said board with their edges extending along saidstrips andmeans securing said sections to said strips.

8. A wall structure comprising structural members, strips securedthereto, insulation board secured to said structural members and to saidstrips with the outer surfaces of said insulation board and of saidstrips flush with each other, enameled metal sections adhesively securedto said board with their edges extending along said strips, meanssecuring said sections to said strips, metal trim overlying said edgesand means securing said trim and said strips to said structural members.I

9. A wall structure comprising wooden structural members, wooden stripssecured thereto,

insulation board secured to said structural members and to said stripswith the outer surfaces of said insulation board and of said stripsflush with each other, enameled metal sections adhesively secured tosaid board with their edges extending along said strips and nailssecuringtsaid sections to said strips.

10. A wall structure comprising wooden structural members, wooden stripssecured thereto, insulation board secured to said structural members andto said strips with the outer surfaces of said insulation board and ofsaid strips flush with each other, enameled metal sections adhesivelysecured to said board with their edges extending along said strips andmeans securing said sections to said strips.

11. A wall structure comprising channel shaped metal structural members,wooden fillers for said members, furring strips secured to said fillers,insulation board secured to said fillers and to said strips, enameledmetal sections overlying said board with their edges extending alongsaid strips, nails securing said sections to said strips' and trimconcealing said nails and the joints between said sections.

12. A wall structure comprising structural members, relatively narrowwooden strips extending along the faces thereof, panels of insulationboard abutting against said members and strips and flush with the outerfaces of said strips, metal sections overlying said panels with theiredges extending along said strips, there being a continuouswaterproofing layer extending between all adjacent faces of saidmembers, strips, panels, and metal sections, and means securing saidmetal sections of said strips.

13. A wall structure comprising structural members, relatively narrowWooden strips extending along the faces thereof, panels of insulationboard abutting against said members and strips and flush with the outerfaces of said strips, metal sections overlying said panels with theiredges sulation board abutting against said members and strips and flushwith the outer faces of said strips, a porcelain enameled metal plateadhesively secured to each panel and overlying the panel with into saidstrips.

its edges extending therebeyond, there being a continuous waterproofinglayer extending between all adjacent faces of said members, strips,boards, and metal sections, flat headed nails ex-- tending intosaid'strips between said edges and a flanged metal trim having a slottedinner face for receiving the heads of said nails to be secured in placeby said nails.

, '15. In a wall structure including structural members with woodenstrips extending therealongand projecting therefrom, laminated panelshaving an outer lamination of metal extending beyond the edges of theunderlying lamination to overlie-said wooden strips, the metal edges ofadjacent panels being spaced apart, trim overlying said spaced apartedges and securing means extendingfrom said trim between said edges and-WILLIAM HOGENSONI.

